Waterfowl Agents

This list page enables you to scroll down the agents associated with disease in waterfowl; the agents are grouped together with similar agents e.g. all nematodes are in the group "Roundworms, Acanthocephalans, Tapeworms & Flukes", and arranged by alphabetical order within the groups.

TO SEARCH THIS PAGE: You can search this page for alternative names using the Edit >Find... browser function in both Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.  For further information consult the "How to Search" page.

Please note - alternative names for diseases and agents are provided next to the hyperlinks.

INDEX

• Avian Reoviruses (Types 1 - 11):  Reoviridae(Myocarditis Virus of Geese, Muscovy Duck Reovirus.)

• Reovirus Infection (Infection Myocarditis of Geese, Myocarditis Virus Infection of Geese, Muscovy Duck Reovirus Infection.)

• Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus:  Retroviridae(Duck infectious anaemia virus, Spleen necrosis virus, Twiehaus-strain reticuloendotheliosis virus, C-type retrovirus Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Hungary-2 (REV-H-2))

• Reticuloendotheliosis (Duck Infectious Anaemia Virus Infection, Spleen Necrosis Virus Infection)
• Neoplasia (Tumours)

• Avian encephalomyelitis virus: Picornaviridae(AEV)

• Avian Encephalomyelitis (Epidemic tremor)

• Canarypox virus:  Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Duck Enteritis Virus: Herpesviridae(Duck enteritis herpesvirus (DEHV), Duck enteritis virus (DEV), Duck plague virus, Anatid Herpesvirus, Avian herpesvirus 2)

• Duck Plague (Duck virus enteritis, DVE, Anatid herpesvirus infection, Avian herpesvirus type 2 infection, Peste du canard, L’entérite à virus du canard, Eendenpest, Entenpest)

• Duck Hepatitis B virus: Hepadnaviridae (DHBV)

• Duck Hepatitis B Infection ( Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection, DHBV Infection)

• Duck hepatitis virus type 1: Picornaviridae

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 1

• Duck hepatitis virus type 2: Unassigned Astrovirus(Duck hepatitis virus type 2, (DHV2) an astrovirus; duck astrovirus)

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 2

• Duck hepatitis virus type 3: Picornaviridae

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 3

• Duck adenovirus 2: Adenoviridae

• Adenovirus Infection (Egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS-76), Haemagglutinating adenovirus infection, Avian adenovirus 127 infection, Muscovy duck adenovirus infection)

• Eastern equine encephalitis virus: Togaviridae (EEE)

• Eastern Equine Encephalitis (Eastern encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern encephalomyelitis, EEE, EE)

• Egg drop syndrome (EDS) '76 virus : Adenoviridae

• Adenovirus Infection (Egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS-76), Haemagglutinating adenovirus infection, Avian adenovirus 127 infection, Muscovy duck adenovirus infection)
• Dead-in-Shell

• Fowlpox virus: Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Goose parvovirus: Parvoviridae

• Goose Parvovirus Infection (Derzsy's Disease, Parvovirus infection of geese, Parvovirus infection of Muscovy ducks, Muscovy duck parvovirus, Goose viral hepatitis, Goose influenza, ‘so-called goose influenza, Goose plague, Gosling plague, Goose enteritis, Infectious myocarditis, Ascitic-hepato-nephritis)

• Influenza A virus: Orthomyxoviridae

• Avian Influenza (Fowl pest, Fowl plague, Avian influenza A)

• Murray Valley Encephalitis virus: Flaviviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Muscovy duck parvovirus:   Parvoviridae(Duck Parvovirus)

• Muscovy Duck Parvovirus infection (Muscovy duck disease)

• Newcastle Disease Virus:  Paramyxoviridae(Paramyxovirus-1, Avian Paramyxovirus type 1, NDV)

• Newcastle Disease (Newcastle's Disease, ND, Paramyxovirus-1 infection, VVND (viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease), NVND (neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease))

• St Louis Encephalitis virus: Flaviviridae (SLEV)

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Turkeypox virus: Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Ockelbo virus: Togaviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Rabies virus: Rhabdoviridae

• Rabies

• Sindbis virus: Togaviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Transmissible Bursal Disease Agent

Agent not identified - presumed viral.

• Transmissible Bursal Disease

• Western equine encephalitis virus: Togaviridae(WEE)

• Western Equine Encephalitis (Western encephalitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis, Western encephalomyelitis, WEE, WE)

• Flaviviridae: West Nile Virus (WN virus, WNV)

• West Nile Virus Disease (West Nile Fever, WNV Disease, West Nile, West Nile enteritis, West Nile viral enteritis, Near Eastern equine encephalitis, Lourdige)

• Acinetobacter spp.

• Acinetobacter Infection

• Acholeplasma axanthum
• Acholeplasma laidlawii

• Mycoplasma Infection (Mycoplasmal sinusitis, Mycoplasmal tenosynovitis, Mycoplasmal air-sacculitis, Acholeplasma Infection)

• Actinobacillus spp.
• Actinobacillus suis

• Actinobacillus Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Aeromonas hydrophila (Bacillus hydrophilus)

• Aeromonas Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Bacillus anthracis

• Anthrax (Milzbrand (German), Charbon (French).)

• Bordetella avium (Bordetella bronchiseptica-like organism)

• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Borrelia anserina (Spirochaeta anserini, Spiroschaudinnia anserina, Treponema spp., Borrelia gallinarum, Spirochaeta gallinarum, Spironema gallinarum.)

• Borreliosis (Goose septicaemia, Spirochetosis, Fowl Spirochetosis, Avian Spirochaetosis)

• Campylobacter spp.
• Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacter fetus var jejuni, Vibrio jejuni, Vibrio hepaticus)

• Campylobacter Infection (Campylobacteriosis)

• Chlamydia spp.
• Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci)

• Chlamydiosis / Psittacosis (Ornithosis)
• Chlamydia spp.
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Citrobacter freundii (Escherichia freundii, Colobactrum freundii, Paracolobactrum intermedium, Salmonella ballerup, Salmonella hormaechei, Bacterium freundii)

• Citrobacter Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Clostridium botulinum (Bacillus botulinus)

• Avian Botulism (Limberneck, Western duck sickness, Duck disease, Alkali poisoning

• Clostridium perfringens (Bacillus perfringens, Bacterium welchii, Clostridium welchii, Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus)

• Necrotising Enteritis (Haemorrhagic enteritis, Necrotic enteritis, Necrohaemorrhagic enteritis, Clostridial enteritis, 'Rot gut')

• Cyanobacteria / Blue-green algae
  -    Anabaena spp.
  -    Aphanizomenom spp.
  -    Cylindrospermum spp.
  -    Microcystis spp.
  -    Nodularia spp.
  -    Nostoc spp.
  -    Oscillaria spp.

• Blue-Green Algae Toxicity (Cyanobacteria toxicosis, Phycotoxicosis, algal toxicosis)

• Enterococcus avium (Streptococcus faecalis)
• Enterococcus durans (Streptococcus duran, Enterococcus durans)
• Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus faecalis)
• Enterococcus faecium (Streptococcus faecium)

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Streptococcosis (Streptococcal Infection, Streptococcus Infection)

• Escherichia coli

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Colibacillosis (Escherichia coli septicaemia, Escherichia coli septicemia, E. coli septicaemia, Coli bacillosis, Colisepticaemia, Colisepticemia)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Egg Peritonitis (Egg Yolk Peritonitis, Egg-related Septic Peritonitis)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Bacillus rhusiopathiae-suis, Bacterium arysipelatos-suum, Bacterium rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Swine rotlauf bacillus.)

• Erysipelothrix infection (Erysipelas Infection, Erysipelothrix, Erysipelas, Diamond skin disease (Pigs))
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)

• Flavobacterium spp.

• Flavobacterium Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Listeria spp.
• Listeria monocytogenes (Bacterium monocytogenes)

• Listeriosis (Listeric infection, Circling disease, Listeria monocytogenes Infection)

• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAIC, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), MAI Complex, Mycobacterium avium- Mycobacterium intracellulare Complex, Mycobacterium avium, Avian tubercle bacillus; Mycobacterium intracellulare; Battey bacillus Nocardia intracellularis, Mycobacterium intracellularis)

• Avian Tuberculosis (Avian TB, Mycobacteriois, Tuberculosis, TB)
• Cataracts

• Mycoplasma spp.
• Mycoplasma anatis
• Mycoplasma bovis
• Mycoplasma cloacale
• Mycoplasma columbinum
• Mycoplasma gallinaceum
• Mycoplasma gallinarum
• Mycoplasma gallisepticum
• Mycoplasma lipifaciens
• Mycoplasma synoviae

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mycoplasma Infection (Mycoplasmal sinusitis, Mycoplasmal tenosynovitis, Mycoplasmal air-sacculitis, Acholeplasma Infection)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Neisseria-like organism, possibly a mycoplasma

Agent not fully identified -  (B15).

• Goose gonorrhoea

• Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurella gallicida, Bacterium multocidum)

• Avian Cholera (Fowl Cholera, Avian Pasteurellosis, Avian Haemorrhagic Septicemia, Pasteurella multocida Infection.)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Proteus spp.
• Proteus vulgaris

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Proteus Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Pseudomonas spp.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacillus of green pus, Pseudomonas pyocyaneus)

• Cloacitis (Vent Gleet)
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Pseudomonas Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Riemerella anatipestifer (Pasteurella anatipestifer, Moraxella anatipestifer, Pfeifferella anatipestifer, Cytophaga anatipestifer.)

• Anatipestifer Infection (New duck disease, Riemerella anatipestifer infection, Pasteurella anatipestifer infection, Moraxella anatipestifer infection, Duck septicaemia, Anatipestifer syndrome, Anatipestifer septicaemia, Infectious serositis, Goose influenza, Septicemia anserum exsudativa)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Salmonella spp.
• Salmonella typhimurium
• Salmonella pullorum
• Salmonella anatum
• Salmonella thompson
• Salmonella paratyphi

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection, Keel Disease, Paratyphoid Infection, Paratyphoid)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Salmonella gallinarum

• Fowl Typhoid (Salmonella gallinarum Infection)

• Salmonella pullorum

• Pullorum Disease (Salmonella pullorum Infection , Bacillary white diarrhoea)

• Staphylococcus spp.
• Staphylococcus aureus

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Staphylococcosis (Staphylococcus Infection, Infective Arthritis, Staphylococcal septicaemia, Staphylococcal blood poisoning)

• Streptococcus spp.
• Streptococcus equi
• Streptococcus suis

• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Streptococcosis (Streptococcal Infection, Streptococcus Infection)

• Non-01Vibrio cholerae (Vibrio albensis)
• Vibrio metchnikovi

• Vibriosis (Vibrio cholerae infection, Vibrio metchnikovi infection)

• Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Bacillus tuberculosis, Bacterium pseudotuberculosis rodentium, Corynebacterium rodentium, Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis)

• Yersiniosis (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis)

• Yersinia enterocolitica

• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Aspergillus   spp.
• Aspergillus flavus
• Aspergillus fumigatus
• Aspergillus giganteus
• Aspergillus ochraceus
• Aspergillus parasiticus

(See information on specific diseases for details of  which specific fungal species are associated)

• Aflatoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Mycotoxicity, aflatoxicosis, groundnut poisoning, fusariotoxicosis, fusariotoxin poisoning, fusariomycotoxicosis, trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, vomitoxicosis, zearalenone toxicosis, ergotism.)
• Aspergillosis (Brooder pneumonia, Pseudotuberculosis, "Asper" mycosis, Mycotic pneumonia.)
• Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neoplasia (Tumours)
• Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)

• Candida spp.
• Candida albicans (Oidium albicans, Mycotorula albicans, Monila candida, Monila albicans)

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Candidiasis (Candida infection, Thrush, Crop mycosis, Moniliasis, Sour crop)

• Cladosporium herbarum - Sooty mould

• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Claviceps spp.
• Claviceps purpura

• Ergotism (St. Anthony's fire)

• Fusarium spp.
• Fusarium graminearum
• Fusarium moniliforme
• Fusarium proliferatum
• Fusarium roseum

(See information on specific diseases for details of  which specific fungal species are associated)

• Fumonisin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis) (Equine leukoencephalomalacia, Porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome)
• Fusariotoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Fusariotoxin poisoning, Trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, Vomitotoxicosis, Zearalenone toxicosis)
• Monoliformin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Zearalenone Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)

• Microsporum gallinae (Trichophyton gallinae, Achorion gallinae)

• Favus (Fowl favus, Avian ringworm, White comb,  Trichophyton gallinae infection, Microsporum gallinae infection)

• Mucor pusillus

• Phycomycosis (Zygomycosis, Mucormycosis, Phycomycotic infection)

• Penicillium spp.
• Penicillium viridicatum
• Penicillium puberulum

• Aflatoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Mycotoxicity, aflatoxicosis, groundnut poisoning, fusariotoxicosis, fusariotoxin poisoning, fusariomycotoxicosis, trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, vomitoxicosis, zearalenone toxicosis, ergotism.)
• Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)

• Rhinosporidium seeberi

• Rhinosporidiosis

• Intracellular Yeast-like Organism Infection (Haemoproteus infection, Intracellular spore-forming bacterium infection)

• Amidostomum acutum (Strongylus acutus, Strongylus monodon, Amidostomum monodon, Sclerostoma monodon, Amidostomum chevreuxi, Amidostomum skrjabini, Amidostomum anatinum, Amidostomum fuligulae, Amidostomum biziurae, Amidostomum boschadis, Amidostomum orientale)
• Amidostomum anseris (Ascaris mucronata, Strongylus mucronata, Strongylus anseris, Strongylus nodulosus, Amidostomum nodulosum, Strongylus nodularis, Trichostrongylus nodularis, Spiroptera uncinata, Strongylus monodon, Sclerostomum mucronatum, Sclerostomum anseris, Amidostomum leucopareiae)
• Amidostomum cygni (Amidostomum similis)
• Amidostomum spatulatum

• Gizzard Worm Infection (Stomach worm infection, Ventricular nematodiasis, Amidostomiasis, Ventricular worm infection)
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Apatemon gracilis (Amphistoma gracile, Holostomum gracile, Strigea gracilis, Apatemon gracilis, Tetracotyle gracilis, Holostomum variabile, Holostomum variegatum, Apatemon graciliformis, Cercaria helvetica, Apatemon parvitestis, Apatemon japonicus, Apatemon pellucidus, Cercaria longiremis, Cercaria icnusae, Cercaria pseudoburti, Cercaria okobojensis, Cercaria wansoni)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Aploparaksis furcigera (Taenia furcigera, Dicranotaenia, furcigera, Diplacanthus furcigera, Dilepis furcigera, Hymenolepis furcigera, Drepanidotaenia furcigera, Taenia lineata, Taenia anatis lineata, Taenia trilineata, Taenia rhomboidea, Dicranotaenia rhomboidea, Aploparaksis rhomboidea, Taenia conica, Taenia caecalis, Aploparaksis pseudofurcigera, Haploparaxis japonensis)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Ascaridia galli (Ascaris "teres", Ascaris galli, Ascaris gallopavonis, Fusaria inflexa, Ascaris inflexa, Ascaridia inflexa, Heterakis inflexa, Fusaria strumosa, Ascaris perspicillum, Ascaridia perspicillum, Ascaris gibbosa, Heterakis perspicillum, Ascaris perspicillum, Ascaris funiculus, Heterakis lineata, Ascaridia lineata, Heterakis compressa, Ascaridia compressa, Heterakis brasiliensis, Ascaridia brasiliensis, Heterakis styphlocerca, Ascaridia styphlocerca, Heterakis granulosa, Ascaridia granulosa, Ascaridia magalhaesi, Ascaridia hamia, Ascaridia anseris, Ascaridia compar, Ascaridia sinensis.)

• Ascarida (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Avioserpens sichuanensis
• Avioserpens mosgovoyi
• Avioserpens taiwana (Filaria taiwana, Oshimaia taiwana, Avioserpens denticulophasma, Petroviprocta vigissi.)

• Avioserpens Infection (Subcutaneous Worm Infection, Guinea worm Infection)

• Capillaria anatis (Eucoleus contorta, Trichosoma contortum, Thomix contorta, Capillaria vanelli, Capillaria annulata, Trichocephalus anatis, Trichosoma  anatis, Thominx anatis, Capillaria tumida,Capillaria semiteres, Hamularia nodulosa, Trichocephalus capillaris, Trichosoma brevicolle, Trichosoma longicolle, Trichosoma resectum, Trichosoma collare, Capillaria collare, Echinocoelus collare, Thominx collaris, Orthothominx collaris, Trichosoma dubium, Trichosoma retusum, Capillaria corvorum, Cappilaria uruguayensis, Thominx uruguayensis)
• Capillaria contorta (Eucoleus contorta, Trichosoma contortum, Thomix contorta, Capillaria vanelli, Trichosoma dispar, Trichosoma trilobar, Trichosoma longicolle, Trichosoma obtusiusculum, Capillaria perforans, Eucoleus perforans, Thomix perforans, Capillaria lophortygis, Eucoleus lophortygis, Capillaria triloba, Eucoleus raillieti, Thomix raillieti, Capillaria raillieti)

• Capillariasis (Capillaria infection)

• Contracaecum spiculigerum (Ascaris spiculigera, Ascaris variegata, Ascaris mergorum, Ascaris colyborum, Ascaris siluri, Contracaecum siluri, Contracaecum trukestanicum, Contracaecum umiu, Contracaecum himeu)

• Contracaecum (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Corynosoma constrictum (Echinorhynchus striatus, Corynosoma constricta.)
• Corynosoma peposacae

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Cotugnia fastigata

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Cercaria bushiensis)

• Cyathocotyl bushiensis (Intestinal Fluke) Infection

• Cyathostoma brantae (Syngamus brantae)
• Cyathostoma bronchialis (Syngamus bronchialis)

• Gapeworm Infection (Tracheal worm infection, Cyathastomiasis, Syngamus infection, Cyathostoma infection)

• Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (Bilharziella pulverulenta, Dendritobilharzia odhneri, Dendritobilharzia anatinarum)

• Schistosomiasis (Vascular Fluke Infection) (Schistosome Infection, Trichobilharzia infection, Dendritobilharzia infection)

• Diorchis nyrocae (Diorchis skrjabini,Schillerius skrjabini, Diorchis abuladze, Haploparaxis stefanskii)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Distoma recurvatum, Echinostoma recurvatum, Echinoparyphium koidzumii, Echinostoma aegyptiaca)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Echinostoma revolutum (Echinosomum revolutum, Fasciola revoluta, Distoma anatis fuscae, Festucaria anatis, Fasciola anatis, Distoma anatis, Distoma echinatum, Echinostoma echinatum,Distoma dilatatum, Echinostoma dilatatum, Distoma cygni oloris, Distoma fulgulae ferinae, Distomum armatum, Echinostoma oxycephalum, Echinostoma mendax, Echinostoma paraulum, Echinostoma echinocephalum, Echinostoma sudanense, Echinostoma acuticauda, Echinostoma armigerum, Echinostoma coalitum, Echinostoma callawayensis, Echinostoma limicoli, Echinostoma cinetorchis, Echinostoma erraticum, Echinostoma microrchis, Echinostoma neglectum, Echinostoma nephrocystis, Echinostoma columbae, Echinostoma miyagawai, Echinostoma robustum, Echinostoma multispinosus, Cercaria trivolvis)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Echinuria spp.
• Echinuria uncinata (Spiroptera uncinata, Filaria uncinata, Dispharagus uncinatus, Acuaria uncinata, Hamannia uncinata, Echinuria jugadornata, Echinuria cygni.)

• Echinuriasis (Acuariasis) (Acuariasis, Acuaria infection, Echinuria infection, Proventricular worm infection)

• Epomidiostomum crami
• Epomidiostomum orispinum (Strongylus anseris, Strongylus orispinus, Epomidiostomum skrjabin, Epomidiostomum vogelsangi)
• Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Strongylus uncinatus, Epomidiostomum anatinum)

• Gizzard Worm Infection (Stomach worm infection, Ventricular nematodiasis, Amidostomiasis, Ventricular worm infection)
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Eustrongylides mergorum (Stongylus mergorum, Spiroptera inflata, Tropidocerca inflata, Tropidurus inflatus, Tetrameres inflata, Microtetrameres inflata, Stongylus papillosis, Stongylus elegans, Hystrichis elegans, Eustrongyloides elegans, Stongylus tubifex, Tropidocerca paradoxa)
• Eustrongylides papillosus (Stongylus papillosus, Eustrongylus papillosus, Hystrichis papillosus)
• Eustrongylides tubifex (Stongylus papillosus, Eustrongylus papillosus, Hystrichis papillosus)

• Eustrongylides Infection (Eustrongylidiasis)

• Filicollis anatis

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Taenia anatis, Taenia fasciolaris, Taenia malleus Alyselminthis malleus, Fimbriaria malleus, Halysis malleus, Fimbriaria mitra, Taenia pediformis, Epision plicatus, Notobothrium arcticum, Fimbriaria plana)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Gastrotaenia cygni (Gastrotaenia dogieli, Apora dogieli)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Heterakis dispar (Ascaris dispar, Fusaria dispar, Ganguleterakis dispar, Strongylus acuticaudata, Heterakis caudata, Ganguleterakis caudata, Raillietakis caudata, Heterakis circumvallata, Ganguleterakis circumvallata, Raillietakis circumvallata, Heterakis chenonettae, Heterakis hyperborea, Ganguleterakis hyperboreus, Heterakis hyperboreus, Heterakis papillosa, Heterakis stylosa, Heterakis altaica, Heterakis tenuicaudata)
• Heterakis gallinarum (Ascarides teretes, Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaris gallinae, Ascaris papillosa, Heterakis papillosa, Ascaris phasiani, Ascaris vesicularis, Fusaria reflexa, Ascaris undulosa-striata, Heterakis longecaudata, Heterakis parisi, Heterakis pediocetes)

• Heterakis (Ascarid) Infection (Caecal worm infection, Cecal worm infection, Heterakiosis)

• Hymenolepis collaris (Taenia collari, Taenia collaris, Weinlandia collaris, Microsomacanthus collaris, Dicranotaenia collaris, Sobolevicanthus collaris, Myxolepis collaris, Myxacanthus collaris, Taenia torquata, Halysis torquata, Taenia breviarticulata, Alyselminthus sinuosa, Halysis sinuosa, Taenia sinuosa, Hymenolepis inuata, Drepanidotaenia sinuosa, Taenia infundibuliformis, Taenia anserum, Taenia bairdii)
• Hymenolepis compressa (Taenia compressa, Microsomacanthus compressa, Hymenolepis megarostellis, Hymenolepis solowiowi, Nadejdolepis solowiowi)
• Hymenolepis coronula (Taenia coronula, Dicranotaenia coronula, Drepanidotaenia coronula, Diplacanthus coronula, Lepidotrias coronula, Weinlandia coronula, Hymenolepis megalhystera, Hymenolepis querquedula, Weinlandia querquedula, Dicranotaenia introversa, Weinlandia introversa, Hymenolepis introversa, Dicranotaenia macrostrobiloides, Hymenolepis macrostrobiloides, Weinlandia macrostrobiloides, Hymenolepis sacciperium, Dicranotaenia sacciperium, Hymenolepis anceps, Hymenolepis mergi, Dicranotaenia mergi, Dicranotaenia deglandii, Hymenolepis parvisaccata, Dicranotaenia parvisaccata, Hymenolepis apcaris, Dicranotaenia kutassi, Dicranotaenia pseudocoronula, Hymenolepis makundi, Hymenolepis cameroni)
• Hymenolepis lanceolata (Taenia anseris, Taenia acutissima, Taenia lanceolata, Taenia lanceola. Hyalysis lanceolata, Dilepis lanceolata, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Diplacanthus Lanceolata, Taenia anserum, Hymenolepis anserum, Drepanidotaenia lobata)
• Hymenolepis megalops (Cloacotaenia megalops, Taenia anatis-marilae, Taenia megalops, Drepanidotaenia megalops, Weinlandia megalops, Orlovilepis megalops, Taenia cylindrica, Lallum magniparuterina)
• Hymenolepis tenuirostris (Taenia tenuirostris, Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris, Diplacanthus tenuirostris, Dilepis tenuirostris, Microsomacanthus tenuirostris, Monosaccanthes tenuirostris, Taenia krabbei, Taenia conscripta, Hymenolepis tritesticulata, Weinlandia tenuirostris, Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris, Microsomacanthus tenuirostris)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Hyptiasmus arcuatus (Hyptiasmus tumitus, Monostoma arcuatum, Cyclocoelum arcuatum, Hyptiasmus arcuatum, Hyptiasmus laevigatus, Hyptiasmus tumidus, Hyptiasmus oculeus, Transcoelum oculeum, Hyptiasmus magnus, Stossichium magnum, Hyptiasmus coelonodus, Transcoelum sigillum, Hypatiasmus sigillum, Hyptiasmus magniproles, Hyptiasmus theodori, Ophthalmophagus theodori

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Hypoderaeum conoideum (Cuculanus conoideus, Distomum conoideum, Echinostoma conoideum, Hypoderaeum conoideu, Fascoila appendiculata, Distoma oxycephalum, Distoma froelichii, Opisthorchis pianae, Psilochasmus lecithosus, Hypoderaeum sinensis, Hypoderaeum magnocirrusa)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Hystrichis tricolor (Spiroptera tricolor, Strongylus anatis, Strongylus tubifex, Eustrongylus tubiflex, Hystrichis tubiflex, Spiroptera tadornae, Hystrichis orispinus, Hystrichis wedli, Hystrichis neglectus, Hystrichis varispinosus)

• Hystrichus tricolor Infection (Proventricular nematode infection)

• Notocotylus attenuatus

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Orchipedum tracheicola

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Ornithofilaria fallisensis (Splendidofilaria fallensis)

• Microfilarial Infection

• Oxyspirura mansoni (Filaria mansoni, Spiroptera mansoni, Yorkeispirura mansoni, MIcrofilaria seguini, Oxyspirura parvovum)

• Ocular Nematode Infection (Conjunctival nematodiasis, Conjunctival worm infestation, Oxyspirura mansoni infection)

• Philophthalmus gralli (Philopthalmus anatinus, Philopthalmus nyrocae)

• Ocular Fluke Infection (Philophthalmus gralli infection, Oriental eyefluke infection, Ocular trematode infection)

• Polymorphus altmani
• Polymorphus boschadis
• Polymorphus botulus
• Polymorphus magnus
• Polymorphus minutus
• Polymorphus obtusus

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Porrocaecum crassum (Ascaris crassa)
• Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Fusaria ensicaudata, Ascaris ensicaudata, Ascaris turdi, Ascaris teres, Ascaris sturni, Ascaris cornicis, Ascaris corvi, Fusaria crenata, Fusaria lancea, Ascaris corvi, Spiroptera turdi)

• Porrocaecum (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Prosthogonimus ovatus

• Prosthogonimus (Cloacal Fluke) Infection (Oviduct Fluke Infection)

• Renicola spp.
• Renicola somateriae

• Renal Fluke Infection (Renicola somateriae Infection)

• Sarconema eurycerca

• Heartworm (Sarconema) Infection (Sarconema eurycerca infection, Filariasis)

• Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Distoma globulus, Cercaria helvetica)

• Sphaeridiotrema (Intestinal Fluke) Infection (Trematode-induced ulcerative haemorrhagic enteritis, Trematode infection)

• Streptocara spp.
• Streptocara crassicauda
• Streptocara incognita

• Streptocariasis (Streptocara infection)

• Syngamus trachea

• Gapeworm Infection (Tracheal worm infection, Cyathastomiasis, Syngamus infection, Cyathostoma infection)

• Tetrameres americana (Tetrameres confusa, Tropisurus americana)
• Tetrameres crami (Tropisurus crami, Petrowimeres crami)
• Tetrameres fissispina (Tropidocerca fissispina, Tropisurus fissispina, Petrowimeres fissispina, Acanthophorus tenuis, Tropidocerca tenuis, Acanthophorus horridus, Filaria pulicis, Spiroptera pulicis.)

• Tetrameres Infection

• Trichobilharzia physellae (Cercaria physellae, Pseudobilharziella querquedulae)

• Schistosomiasis (Vascular Fluke Infection) (Schistosome Infection, Trichobilharzia infection, Dendritobilharzia infection)

• Trichostrongylus tenuis (Strongylus tenuis, Strongylus pergracilis, Trichostrongylus pergracilis, Strongylus serratus)

• Trichostrongylus Infection (Trichostrongyliasis)

• Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Distoma cucumerium, Monostoma cucumerium, Monostoma sarcidiornicola, Monostoma flavum, Typhlocoelum flavum, Typhlocoelum sarcidiornicola, Typhlultimum sarcidiornicola, Tracheophilus sarcidiornicola, Monostoma cymbium, Typhlocoelum obovale , Typhlocoelum reticulare, Typhlocoelum americanum, Typhlocoelum gambense, Typhlocoelum shovellus, Typhlophilus shovellus)
• Typhlocoelum sisowi (Typhlocoelum cymbium, Typhlocoelum cymbius, Haematotrephus cymbius, Tracheophilus cymbium, Tracheophilus cymbius, Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cymbium,Typhlocoelum cucumerinum americanum, Typhlocoelum hepaticum)

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Zygocotyle lunata (Amphistoma lunatum, Chiorchis lunatus, Zygocotyle ceratosa, Cercaria poconensis, Solenorchis travassosi, Zygocotyle ceratosa)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Haementeria costata

• Theromyzon biannulatum
• Theromyzon cooperi
• Theromyzon maculosum
• Theromyzon occidentale
• Theromyzon rude
• Theromyzon trizonaire
• Theromyzon tessulatum

• Acidoproctus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Anaticola anseris
• Anaticola crassicornis

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Anatoecus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Argas spp.
• Argas miniatus
• Argas persicus - fowl tick
• Argas radiatus
• Argas reflexus
• Argas sanchez

(See information on specific diseases for details of  which specific fungal species are associated)

• Borreliosis (Goose septicaemia, Spirochetosis, Fowl Spirochetosis, Avian Spirochaetosis)
• Fowl Tick Infection (Argas persicus infection)
• Tick Paralysis

• Bdellorhynchus spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Bothriometopus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Ciconiphilus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Culicoides spp.
• Culicoides downesi

• Haemoproteus Infection (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)
• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)

• Culiseta spp.
• Culiseta melanura

• Avian Malaria (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)
• Eastern Equine Encepalitis (Eastern encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern encephalomyelitis, EEE, EE)
• West Nile Virus Disease (West Nile Fever, WNV Disease, West Nile, West Nile enteritis, West Nile viral enteritis, Near Eastern equine encephalitis, Lourdige)

• Culicoides spp. (Midges)
• Culicoides downesi (Vector)

• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)
• Haemoproteus Infection (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)

• Cytodites nudus

• Air Sac Mite Infection (Cytodites nudus infection)

• Dicteisia spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Docophorus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Eureum spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Freyana anserina
• Freyana largifolia

• Feather Mite Infection

• Holomenopon spp.
• Holomenopon acutae
• Holomenopon bohmi
• Holomenopon brevithoracicum
• Holomenopon bucephalae
• Holomenopon cairinae
• Holomenopon clauseni
• Holomenopon clypeilargum
• Holomenopon goliath
• Holomenopon leucoxanthum - Shaft louse
• Holomenopon loomisii
• Holomenopon maxbeieri
• Holomenopon obscurum
• Holomenopon setigerum
• Holomenopon tadornae
• Holomenopon transvaalense

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Ingrassia spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Laminosioptes cysticola

• Subcutaneous Mite Infection (Laminosioptes cysticola infestation)

• Lipeurus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Ornithobius spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Phormia regina

• Myiasis (Fly larvae infestation, Maggot infestation)

• Rectijanua spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Rhinonyssus spp.
• Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum

• Nasal Mite Infection (Rhinonyssus Infection)

• Simulium spp.
• Simulium anatinum
• Simulium innocens
• Simulium rugglesi
• Simulium venustum

• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)
• Simulium Infection (Black-fly infestation)

• Trinoton spp.
• Trinaton anserinum
• Trinoton querquedula

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)
• Heartworm (Sarconema) Infection (Sarconema eurycerca infection, Filariasis)

• Wohlfahrtia opaca